Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit, H 2 DCFDA (H 2 -DCF, DCF), C11-BODIPY (581/591), MitoSOX Red Mitochondrial Superoxide Indicator, MitoTracker Red CMXRos, and Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium (High glucose, no glutamine, no methionine, no Cys 2 ) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA)
Proline: Another Collagen Superstar Along with glycine, proline is one of the key amino acids that makes collagen so powerful
After 48 h, the cells were washed with PBS (Gibco) and incubated in the assay buffer (HBSS supplemented with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ (Gibco), 10 mM HEPES (Gibco), 0.1% Pluronic F-68 (Gibco) and 500 M IBMX (Sigma), pH 7.4) with different concentrations of GLP-1 (0 M to 1 M) in the presence (100 nM and 1000 nM) or absence of Fab7F38 at 37 C for 30 min
While this process enables cells to rapidly acquire energy to support the inflammatory response in the short term, its inefficiency further exacerbates local energy depletion in peripheral and central tissues (171, 172)
